The short (∼20 amino acid) C-terminal tails of both α- and β-tubulin that protrude from the microtubule are enriched in glutamic and aspartic acids, the surface of the microtubule possesses a net negative charge.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8767

#XL - T Zoology

Guanidinium ion and urea are chaotropic agents which disrupts hydrophobic core of proteins.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8106

#XL - T Zoology

Galactolipids are localized in the thylakoid membranes (internal membranes) of chloroplasts; they make up 70% to 80% of the total membrane lipids of a vascular plant, and are therefore probably the most abundant membrane lipids in the biosphere. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9280

#XL - S Microbiology

The interaction between NFR and SYMRK initiates calcium spiking in the nucleus, presumably via a second messenger molecule.

Core symbiotic genes are activated.

Cytokinin signaling is initiated.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9923

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9440

#XL - T Zoology

Polyandrous

In polyandrous mating systems, one female mates with many males.

Honeybees are polyandrous because the queen often mates with multiple males.