Techniques for Measuring Stability

Absorbance (e.g. Trp, Tyr) 

Fluorescence (Trp)-difference in emission max & intensity.

CD (far or near UV) - (2o or 3o) 

NMR 

DSC (calorimetry) 

Urea gradient gels - difference in the migrating rates between F and U.

Catalytic activity 

Chromophoric or fluorophoric probes/FRET 

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#XL - R Botany

Ovules Can Be arranged Within an ovary in a Variety of ways

Parietal placentation

Axile placentation

 Basal placentation

Free-central placentation

Marginal placentation

Parietal placentation

Parietal placentation occurs in the brassicaceae family 

Axile placentation(or central-angular)

This type of placentation is seen in solanaceae, rutaceae and liliaceae families

Basal placentation

Basal placentation can be found in the Asteraceae and Poaceae family

Free central placentation

A type of placenta structure in an ovary, in which the ovules cluster freely around a columnlike central placenta which is attached at the base of the ovary.

examples are dianthus and primrose

Marginal placentation

Marginal placentation is a feature of the Fabaceae/Leguminosae family.

Examples of marginal placentation are plants of the legume family (pod plants), like pea and beans.

               

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#XL - T Zoology

When spindle microtubule elongation at the end of anaphase has correctly positioned segregating daughter chromosomes in the bud, Tem1 is converted into its active GTP-bound state, activating the protein kinase signaling cascade.

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Associative learning – Animal learn the relationship between two events

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

An ionic radius is one-half the distance between the nuclei of two ions in an ionic bond.