Adaptation is a characteristic that enhances the survival or reproduction of organisms .

Adaptations have evolved by natural selection, which is the centerpiece of On the Origin of Species

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

A system to unambiguously describe the configurations of molecules with more than one asymmetric center was devised in 1956 by Robert Cahn, Christopher Ingold, and Vladimir Prelog. In the Cahn–Ingold– Prelog or RS system

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

There are two type representation of amino acid structure

1. By Fischer’s convention L and D

2. By absolute configuration RS System

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

Glycine at pH 2.34, where there is an equal mixture of

  the average or net positive charge is 0.5 or +1/2

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

His ionisation series

1------pK1-----pKr--------pKr------14

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

Lys & Arg have ionisation series

1------pK1-----pK2--------pKr------14