Inside the nucleus, R smad-co smad complex binds to nuclear transcription factor TFE3 to activate transcription of PAI-1 & other ECM proteins such as fibronectin & collagens

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9430

#XL - T Zoology

Bateman’s principle

In most cases, it is the male’s secondary sexual traits that are exaggerated.

This shows that sexual selection is more common and intense on males than females

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#Id: 9431

#XL - T Zoology

Bateman put several males and females together in bottles for several days. 

He concluded that the number of offspring sired by a male increased in proportion to the number of females he mated.

In contrast, the number of offspring produced by a female did not increase with the number of males she mated.

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#Id: 9432

#XL - T Zoology

The outcome of sexual selection is strongly influenced by the operational sex ratio

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#Id: 9433

#XL - T Zoology

Mate choice and benefit

Mate choice increase the reproductive success.

Mate choice is result of sexual selection.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9434

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9435

#XL - T Zoology

Monogamy

Each individual mates exclusively with one partner over at least a single breeding cycle and sometimes for longer.

Monogamy occurs in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, but it is only commonly observed in birds, some rodents, and a few primate species.