Biotrophic fungi usually penetrate the rigid cell wall via the formation of a specialized infection structure on the plant

surface called an appressorium. Then, the emerging penetration

peg breaches the rigid plant cell wall and provides entry into the plant cell. Finally, a haustorium forms upon entry into the plant cell.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8441

#XL - T Zoology

Landscape metapopulation model - A population model that considers both differences in the quality of the suitable patches and the quality of the surrounding matrix.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9881

#XL - T Zoology

Defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 are secreted constitutively by epithelial cells in many tissues, and are stored as well in neutrophil granules, where they contribute to killing phagocytosed microbes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9165

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9082

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9997

#XL - T Zoology

Frizzled-G protein signaling activates PLC-beta, which cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3.