Phytopathogenic bacteria reside within the intercellular spaces of plant organs or in the xylem and many damage plant tissues by secreting toxins, extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), or cell wall‐degrading enzymes.

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#XL - R Botany

Types of flowers

Hypogynous flower- The ovary in such flowers is said to be superior,  e.g., mustard, china rose and brinjal.

Perigynous flower- The ovary here is said to be half inferior. e.g., plum, rose, peach. (Rosaceae)

Epigynous flowers, the ovary is said to be inferior. e.g., guava and cucumber, and the ray florets of sunflower.

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#XL - Q Biochemistry

Catalase, are synthesized as precursors with PTS1

Thiolase, are synthesized as precursors with PTS2

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#XL - R Botany

The Cip/Kip family members bind to cyclin-bound CDKs and block the activity of cyclin D-, E-, A-, and B-containing complexes.

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#XL - R Botany

Activity of the cambial ring

Cambial ring becomes active and begins to cut off new cells, these cut off cells towards pith, mature into secondary xylem and the cells cut off towards periphery mature into secondary phloem

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#XL - R Botany

III. Vascular plants  (pteridophyta)

EVOLUTION OF LEAVES

spore-bearing leaves called sporophylls

In terms of size and complexity, leaves can be classified as either microphylls or megaphylls