Many different types of bacterial Avr effectors delivered by type III secretion have been identified to be enzymes such as phosphatases, proteases, phosphoserine lyases, or E3 ubiquitin ligases that attenuate host defense signaling.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1322

#XL - T Zoology

Gαi activate α2-Adrenergic receptor

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1323

#XL - T Zoology

Positive and negative regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity-

Gαs-coupled receptors

Gαi-coupled receptors

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1324

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1325

#XL - T Zoology

Activated PKA enhances the conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1326

#XL - T Zoology

GS, GPK, and GP are counteracted by a phosphatase called phosphoprotein phosphatase.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1327

#XL - T Zoology

Suppressor of cAMP/PKA signalling Pathway- cAMP PDE (hydrolyze cAMP to 5′-AMP)