Three major types of insect herbivores

Phloem feeders, such as aphids and whiteflies, cause little damage to the epidermis and mesophyll cells. Phloem feeders insert their narrow stylet, which is an elongated mouthpart, into the phloem sieve tubes of leaves and stems. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9838

#XL - R Botany

In the dark, COP1, an E3 ligase, ubiquitinates HY5.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9839

#XL - R Botany

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9840

#XL - R Botany

Plant phytochrome is an autophosphorylating

serine/threonine kinase that may phosphorylate

other proteins

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9841

#XL - R Botany

Three distinct classes of photoreceptors mediate the effects of UV-A/blue light (320–500 nm): the cryptochromes, phototropins and the ZEITLUPE (ZTL) family of proteins

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9842

#XL - R Botany

Cryptochromes under blue light causes

1.Suppression of hypocotyl elongation

2.Promotion of cotyledon expansion

3.Membrane depolarization

4.Inhibition of petiole elongation

5.Anthocyanin production

6.Circadian clock entrainment

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9843

#XL - R Botany

The HY4 gene encodes a 75-kDa cry1 protein with significant sequence homology to microbial DNA photolyase