Chevalier de Lamarck

Different organisms originated separately by spontaneous generation from nonliving matter.

We now see a hierarchy of species because they differ in age

Species differ from one another because they have different needs.

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Eukaryotic cells have two isozymes of aconitase

• The mitochondrial isozyme (convert citrate to isocitrate in the citric acid cycle)

• The cytosolic isozyme 

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Tannins deter feeding by herbivores

Plant tannins also serve as defenses against microorganisms.

For example, the nonliving heartwood of many trees contains high concentrations of tannins that help prevent fungal and bacterial decay

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Syngenesious  

Filaments free and anther are united. e.g., Sunflower (asteraceae)

Synandrous

Stamens fused all through their length. e.g., Cucurbita 

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Before Darwin - Christians interpreted “special creation”