Darwin’s evolutionary theory 

Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of organisms change over time. 

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Apoptotic cells attract phagocytes by releasing the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid, which functions as a chemoattractant

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Conserved motifs, usually present in many copies on the surface of a bacterium, fungal cell, parasite, or virus particle, are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

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Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Receptors of the innate immune system that recognize molecular patterns or motifs present on pathogens but absent in the host.

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Pattern recognition

Families of PRRs (TLRs, CLRs, RLRs, and NLRs) recognize a wide variety of PAMP (and DAMP) ligands.

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Toll-Like Receptors Recognize Many Types of Pathogen Molecules - Vertebrate Toll-like receptors  are dimers of chains with extracellular leucine-rich (LRR) domains that bind PAMPs and DAMPs. 

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