Neutral theory of molecular evolution

Developed by Motoo Kimura, who argued that most of the evolution of DNA sequences occurs by chance (genetic drift) rather than by natural selection. 

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Adaptation has costly side effects

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Fitness 

Fitness is defined as the relative reproductive success of one genotype compared with other genotypes in the population

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Fitness- Average number of offspring produced by a genotype and divide it by the mean number of offspring produced by the most prolific genotype

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Average fitness

In a species, only 1 of every 1000 seeds survives to reproductive age, and that those that survive produce an average of 3000 seeds. 

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Selection coefficient

A related variable is the selection coefficient (s), which is the relative intensity of selection against a  genotype