The Forces of Evolution

Mutation, 

Genetic drift

Gene flow or migration

Selection

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The formation of many cell-cell adhesions entails two types of molecular interactions:

1.Trans binding interactions 

2. Cis binding interactions

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Trans interactions (intercellular or adhesive interactions)

CAMs on one cell bind to CAMs on an adjacent cell. 

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In cis interactions (intracellular or lateral interactions)

monomeric CAMs on one cell bind to one or more CAMs in the same cell’s plasma membrane

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CAMs fall into one of four major families: 

Cadherins

Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily

Integrins

Selectins

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The adhesiveness of cadherins depends on the presence of extracellular Ca2+

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Two type of Cadherins:

1. Classical cadherin proteins

2. Nonclassical cadherin proteins