Mammalian MAP kinases include  Jun N-terminal kinases and p38 kinases, which are activated by signaling pathways in response to various types of stresses

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5353

#XL - T Zoology

Populations grow when R0 or λ>1, populations decline when R0 or λ<1, and are at equilibrium when R0 or λ=1

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5368

#XL - T Zoology

The simplest method to measure population density is to visually count the number of organisms in a population in a given habitat.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5369

#XL - T Zoology

Quadrats - A square frame often, but not always, measuring 50 × 50 cm. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5371

#XL - T Zoology

Pitfall traps set into the ground catch wandering species such as beetles and spiders. These have rain covers to prevent the animals from drowning

 

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#Id: 5372

#XL - T Zoology

Baited snap traps, Population density can thus be estimated as the number of animals caught per trap or per unit area where a given number of traps are set.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5373

#XL - T Zoology

The mark-recapture technique is that after the tagged animals are released, they mix freely with unmarked individuals. The population is resampled and the numbers of marked and unmarked individuals are recorded.