The three known RLRs (RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2) are CARD-containing RNA helicases that recognize viral RNAs, usually from RNA viruses such as influenza, measles, and West Nile.

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Populational change is Darwin’s hypothesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions (frequencies) of different variant kinds of individuals within a population.

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 Natural selection was Darwin’s brilliant hypothesis, independently conceived by Wallace, that accounts for adaptations, features that appear “designed” to fit organisms to their environment.

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Where, though, do these hereditary variations come from? This was the great gap in Darwin’s theory, and he never filled it.

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Orthogenesis - “Straight-line evolution,” held that the variation that arises is directed toward fixed goals.

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 Mutationist - Theories were advanced by some geneticists who observed that discretely different new phenotypes can arise by a process of mutation.