β-catenin Destruction Complex contains:

Tumor suppressor APC

Dvl protein

Constitutively active protein kinases GSK 3β and CK1

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#Id: 10679

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Secondary Growth in Roots

In the dicot root, the vascular cambium is completely secondary in origin.

It originates from the tissue located just below the phloem bundles, a portion of pericycle tissue

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#Id: 10680

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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10681

#XL - R Botany

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10682

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Anomalous secondary growth

Several dicotyledons show secondary growth that is different from normal  secondary growth. The deviating methods of secondary thickening are called  abnormal or anomalous secondary growth. 

e.g., Bougainvillea (Dicot)

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#Id: 10683

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Dicot stem anomalous secondary growth occurs due to following reasons:

Anomalous position of cambium 

e.g.,Serjania sp. and Bauhinia sp.

Abnormal behavior of normal cambium

e.g., Bignonia, Aristolochia, Tinospora, Clematis etc.

Extrastelar cambium formation

e.g., Amaranthus sp. 

Interxylary phloem or included phloem

e.g., Entada sp (box bean), Combretum sp (Combretum), Strychnos sp.

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#Id: 10684

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Dicot stem anomalous secondary growth occurs due to following reasons:

Intraxylary phloem

Absence of vessels in the xylem

Scattered vascular bundles in dicot stem

Presence of medullary bundles

Presence of cortical bundles

Secondary growth in monocot

e.g., Dracaena