Nitrogen is a major environmental pollutant of groundwater in many parts of the world. What is the major cause of this nitrogen accumulation in groundwater?

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#Question id: 12030

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial:

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#Question id: 19104

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The structural components of the T3SS are encoded by the clustered gene known as

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#Question id: 23928

#General Aptitude

Open Universities are treated as Non-traditional Universities because

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#Question id: 8900

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Which of the following statements about craniates is (are) correct?

1. Craniates are more highly cephalized than are non-craniates.

2. Craniatesʹ genomic evolution includes duplication of clusters of genes that code for transcription factors.

3. The craniate clade is synonymous with the vertebrate clade.

4. Pharyngeal slits that can assist in gas exchange originated in craniates,

5. The two-chambered heart originated with the early craniates.

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#Question id: 1375

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Four ECM ubiquitous protein components, each of which comprises multiple, distinct, repeating domains, are found in basal laminae. Given below are a list of some extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in column A and their characteristics in column B.

Column A	Column B
a. Type IV collagen	i. a large multidomain proteoglycan that binds to and cross-links many ECM components and cell-surface molecules.
b. Laminins	ii. a rodlike molecule that cross-links type IV collagen, perlecan, and laminin, which helps incorporate other components into the ECM and also stabilizes basal laminae.
c. Perlecan	iii. a family of multi-adhesive, cross-shaped proteins that form a fibrous two-dimensional network with type IV collagen and that also bind to integrins and other adhesion receptors.
d. Nidogen	iv. trimeric molecules with both rodlike and globular domains that form a two-dimensional network.

Which one of the following is the most appropriate match?