The relationship between shortened telomeres and stem cell depletion has been seen in degenerative diseases such as mouse muscular dystrophy,

I) When____ is activated by damaged telomeres, DNA replication halts, and if the repair doesn’t work, apoptosis is initiated. If the cell is a stem cell or some other rapidly replicating cell, this will reduce the numbers of cells produced, and the lack of stem cells will produce an “aged” phenotype.

 II) When ____ is activated by damaged telomeres, DNA replication halts, repair do its work, apoptosis is inhibited. If the cell is a stem cell or some other rapidly replicating cell, this will increase the numbers of cells produced, and then these cells will produce an “aged” phenotype.

 Choose correct gene name with right statement

#Question id: 4118

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

If the 5’ splice site sequence changed from 5’- GUAAGU-3’ to 5’-GUAUGU-3’, predict the effect of the sequence change on U1 binding and U6 snRNP binding in an in vitro protein– RNA binding assay.

#Question id: 4117

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The RNA recognition motif (RRM), also called the RNP motif and the RNA-binding domain (RBD), is the most common RNA-binding domain in hnRNP proteins. Choose important characteristics of RBD

a. RRM domain consists of a four-stranded b sheet flanked on one side by two a helices.

b. To interact with the negatively charged RNA phosphates, the b sheet forms a positively charged surface

c. The 45-residue KH motif is also found in the hnRNP and several other RNA-binding proteins

Which of the following statements are correct?

#Question id: 4116

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Proteins that regulate splicing bind to specific sites called exonic (or intronic) splicing enhancers (ESE or ISE) or silencers (ESS and ISS). The former enhances, and the latter repress, splicing at nearby splice sites. Examples of splicing activator and repressors are as

#Question id: 4115

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The possible type of splicing outcome of given gene construct will be

#Question id: 4114

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Splice-site recognition is prone to two kinds of errors. First, splice sites can be skipped, with components bound at, for example, a given 5’ splice site pairing with those at a 3’ site beyond the correct one. Ways in which the accuracy of splice-site selection can be enhanced are as

A. The factors that recognize that site are transferred from the polymerase carboxy-terminal “tail” onto the RNA. Once in place, the 5’ splice site components are poised to interact with those other factors that bind to the next 3’ splice site to be synthesized.

B. SR (serine–arginine-rich) proteins bind to sequences called exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) within the exons. SR proteins bound to these sites recruit the splicing machinery to the nearby splice sites to ensure correct splicing

C. By recruiting splicing factors to each side of a given exon, this process encourages the so-called “exon definition, contribute to correct splicing

D. Alternative splicing is intentional missplicing mechanism

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

#Question id: 4113

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Match the transcriptional machinery with their respective RNA Polymerase