Which of the factors below weaken the hypothesis of abiotic synthesis of organic monomers in early Earthʹs atmosphere?

1.  the relatively short time between intense meteor bombardment and appearance of the first life forms

2.  the lack of experimental evidence that organic monomers can form by abiotic synthesis

3.  Uncertainty about which gases comprised early Earthʹs atmosphere

#Question id: 537

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Substrate level phosphorylation

A) describes the conversion of ADP into ATP with the addition of inorganic phosphate every place throughout the cell.

B) describes the formation of ADP by phosphoryl group transfer from 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate.

C) is the formation of ATP by phosphoryl group transfer from a higher energy compound.

#Question id: 536

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Glucose 6-phosphate allosterically inhibits

A) hexokinase I.

B) glucokinase.

C) hexokinase II.

#Question id: 535

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

In some diabetic patients, glucose increases disproportionately and is unresponsive to an insulin challenge; under these conditions, how would oneʹs liver normally respond?

A) phosphorylating glucose for entry into the glycolytic pathway

B) saturating glucokinase with glucose

C) phosphorylating glucose for entry into the glycogen synthesis pathways

#Question id: 534

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

If glucose labeled with 14C in C-3 is metabolized to lactate via fermentation, the lactate will contain 14C in:

#Question id: 533

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Glucose, labeled with 14C in different carbon atoms, is added to a crude extract of a tissue rich in the enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway.  The most rapid production of 14CO2 will occur when the glucose is labeled in:

#Question id: 532

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

In glycolysis, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two products with a standard free-energy change (DG'°) of 23.8 kJ/mol.  Under what conditions (encountered in a normal cell) will the free-energy change (DG) be negative, enabling the reaction to proceed to the right?