#Question id: 1532
#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling
For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip), cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumor biopsies. Which of the following types of evidence will researchers be looking for in order to determine if the cells are cancerous?
#Question id: 1530
#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling
What are the differences and similarities between the transforming genes of retroviruses and those of DNA tumor viruses?
#Question id: 1529
#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling
Which of the following statements are true regarding to gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations with respect to cancer.
#Question id: 1528
#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling
Mutation of p53 is described as a dominant-negative mutation. Which of the following statement is correct regarding to the mechanism by which this mutation causes the dominant-negative phenotype?
#Question id: 1527
#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling
Following are the six fundamental properties of malignant tumors. Which of these properties are amenable to study in a cell culture model of cancer?
(I) self-sufficiency in growth signals
(II) insensitivity to antigrowth signals
(III) evasion of apoptosis
(IV) limitless replicative potential
(V) sustained angiogenesis
(VI) tissue invasion and metastasis
#Question id: 1526
#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling
Following statements are regarding to apoptosis.
A. In the worm apoptotic pathway, CED-3 (caspase-9 in mammals) is a protease required to destroy cell components during apoptosis.
B. CED-4 (Apaf-1) was able to accelerate the autoproteolytic cleavage and activation of purified CED-9
C. Once EGL-1 causes dissociation of the CED-4/CED-9 complex, the released CED-4 dimer joins with three other CED-4 dimers to make an octamer, which then activates CED-3
D. Many apoptotic stimuli lead to damage of the outer mitochondrial membrane, causing release into the cytosol of several proteins that stimulate apoptosis. In particular, cytochrome c released from mitochondria activates Apaf-1, which in turn activates caspase-3 and 7.
Which of the following combination is incorrect?