With respect to microRNAs, which, if any, of the following statements, is false?

a) A microRNA normally works by binding to perfectly complementary sequences within an RNA transcript, usually an mRNA.

b) Like the great majority of mRNAs an miRNA is usually produced as a larger precursor RNA that is capped and has a 3’ poly(A) tail.

c) The precursor miRNA undergoes different types of post-transcriptional cleavage by endoribonucleases that are specific for double-stranded target sequences.

d) A nuclear endoribonuclease called dicer cleaves the miRNA precursor so that it forms a stem-loop RNA.

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#Question id: 12050

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A clinical experiment is conducted in which one group of subjects is given 50 g of glucose intravenously and another group is given 50 g of glucose orally. Which of the following factors can explain why the oral glucose load is cleared from the blood at a faster rate compared to the intravenous glucose load? (CCK, cholecystokinin; GLIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide)

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#Question id: 12049

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following hormones is released by the presence of fat and protein in the small intestine and has a major effect to decrease gastric emptying?

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#Question id: 12048

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 10-year-old boy consumes a cheeseburger, fries, and chocolate shake. The meal stimulates the release of several gastrointestinal hormones. The presence of fat, carbohydrate, or protein in the duodenum stimulates the release of which of the following hormones from the duodenal mucosa?

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#Question id: 12047

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Biopsies are taken from the antral and duodenal mucosa of a 65-year-old woman. Which of the following hormones can be found in tissue homogenates from both locations?

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#Question id: 12046

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following ions has the highest concentration in saliva under basal conditions?

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#Question id: 12045

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Compared to plasma, saliva has the highest relative concentration of which of the following ions under basal conditions?