Following statements are regarding to enzymatic processing of benzo(a)pyrene to a more potent mutagen and carcinogen.

A. Liver enzymes, particularly P-450 enzymes, modify benzo(a)pyrene in a series of reactions, producing 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide, a highly potent mutagenic species that reacts with DNA primarily at the N2 atom of a guanine base.

B. The adduct, (+)-trans-anti-B(a)P-N2-dG, causes polymerase to insert an A rather than a C opposite the modified G base. Next time the DNA is replicated, a T will be inserted opposite the A, and the mutation will be complete.

C. Potent mutagen majorly causes conversion of guanine (G) to thymine (T) bases, a transition mutation.

D. When this potent mutagen applied to cultured bronchial epithelial cells, activated benzo(a)pyrene induces many mutations, including activating mutations at codons 175, 248, and 273 of the p53 gene.

Which of the following statements are correct?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 10706

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Assuming community occupy by 4 species with number 10, 20, 10, 20. What is Shannon weaver index of that community?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 10707

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, a community’s species diversity is increased by

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 10708

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which of the following statements is a likely explanation for why invasive species take over communities into which they have been introduced?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 10716

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The stability of a food web in a community is quantified using certain parameters which are defined below. Which of the following is an CORRECT representation?

A. Community with more complex is more stable

B. Community with more number of alternate is more stable

C. Stability of community is inversely proportional to Connectance 

D. Community with higher value of dominax index is more stable

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 10719

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Five Hypotheses Explain How Species Richness Affects Community Services, Following statement are given

A) Community services decline with decreased species richness in a stepwise fashion.

B) Species that play the same roles in a community can compensate for each other if some are lost under particular conditions

C) Species richness declines even slightly from its natural levels, community services are reduced immediately

D) Community services change as the number of species increases or decreases, but that the direction of change is not predictable.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 10720

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

What is the Jaccard index between the two communities?

Species	Community A	Community B
1	5	8
2	3	6
3	0	4
4	11	2
5	2	0