In comparing the genomes of humans and those of other higher primates, it is seen that humans have a large metacentric pair we call chromosome #2 among our 46 chromosomes, while the other primates of this group have 48 chromosomes and any pair like the human #2 pair is not present; instead the primate groups each have two pairs of midsize acrocentric chromosomes. What is the most likely explanation?

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#Question id: 12512

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following changes would you expect to find in a patient consuming a high-sodium diet (200 mEq/day) compared with the same patient on a normal-sodium diet (100 mEq/day), assuming steady-state conditions?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12480

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A patient’s one remaining kidney has moderate renal artery stenosis that reduces renal artery pressure distal to the stenosis to 85 mm Hg, compared with the normal level of 100 mm Hg. Which of the following is most likely decreased in this patient 2 weeks after the stenosis has occurred, assuming that his diet is unchanged?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12390

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

 Which of the following statements is true?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12389

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In a patient with very high levels of aldosterone and otherwise normal kidney function, approximately what percentage of the filtered load of sodium would be reabsorbed by the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12388

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following has similar values for both intracellular and interstitial body fluids?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12387

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

An elderly patient complains of muscle weakness and lethargy. A urine specimen reveals a Na+ concentration of 600 mmol/L and an osmolarity of 1200 mOsm/L. Additional laboratory tests provide the following information: plasma Na+ concentration = 167 mmol/L, plasma renin activity = 4 ng angiotensin I/ml/hr (normal = 1), plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) = 60 pg/ml (normal = 3 pg/ml), and plasma aldosterone = 15 ng/dL (normal = 6 ng/dL). Which of the following is the most likely reason for this patient’s hypernatremia?