Precision will be reduced, but yield will be increased Optimisation of a PCR reaction is often a compromise between the competing demands for precision, efficiency and yield. Although the specific effects may vary, generally, increasing the annealing temperature will increase non-specific primer binding and reduce precision. Increasing the length of the elongation phase will reduce the proportion of incomplete newly-synthesised strands and therefore increase yield. In this case, the potential effect on efficiency is unclear. Increasing the elongation phase would increase the reaction time, but the time taken to ramp down to a lower annealing temperature would be reduced.

Which of the following is a codominant marker?

                   COLUMN A  

                     COLUMN B

A. Thorns

i) It can be found on the stem and petioles of roses and are formed by the epidermis

B. Spines

ii) Found on a lemon tree (Citrus sp.) are modified branches, as can be seen by their position in the axil of a leaf

C. Prickles

iii) Found on shoot and leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are derived from epidermal cells

D. Trichomes

iv) which are characteristic of cacti (Opuntia spp.) in the New World, are modified leaves

                   COLUMN A  

                     COLUMN B

A. Thorns

i) It can be found on the stem and petioles of roses and are formed by the epidermis

B. Spines

ii) Found on a lemon tree (Citrus sp.) are modified branches, as can be seen by their position in the axil of a leaf

C. Prickles

iii) Found on shoot and leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are derived from epidermal cells

D. Trichomes

iv) which are characteristic of cacti (Opuntia spp.) in the New World, are modified leaves

                   COLUMN A  

                     COLUMN B

A. Thorns

i) It can be found on the stem and petioles of roses and are formed by the epidermis

B. Spines

ii) Found on a lemon tree (Citrus sp.) are modified branches, as can be seen by their position in the axil of a leaf

C. Prickles

iii) Found on shoot and leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are derived from epidermal cells

D. Trichomes

iv) which are characteristic of cacti (Opuntia spp.) in the New World, are modified leaves

                   COLUMN A  

                     COLUMN B

A. Thorns

i) It can be found on the stem and petioles of roses and are formed by the epidermis

B. Spines

ii) Found on a lemon tree (Citrus sp.) are modified branches, as can be seen by their position in the axil of a leaf

C. Prickles

iii) Found on shoot and leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are derived from epidermal cells

D. Trichomes

iv) which are characteristic of cacti (Opuntia spp.) in the New World, are modified leaves

                   COLUMN A  

                     COLUMN B

A. Thorns

i) It can be found on the stem and petioles of roses and are formed by the epidermis

B. Spines

ii) Found on a lemon tree (Citrus sp.) are modified branches, as can be seen by their position in the axil of a leaf

C. Prickles

iii) Found on shoot and leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are derived from epidermal cells

D. Trichomes

iv) which are characteristic of cacti (Opuntia spp.) in the New World, are modified leaves