In this problem we will explore some of the many ways that mutations in two different genes can interact to produce different Mendelian ratios. Consider a hypothetical insect species that has red eyes. Imagine mutations in two different unlinked genes that can, in certain combinations, block the formation of red eye pigment yielding mutants with white eyes. In principle, there are two different possible arrangements for two biochemical steps responsible for the formation of red eye pigment. The two genes might act in series such that a mutation in either gene would block the formation of red pigment. Alternatively, the two genes could act in parallel such that mutations in both genes would be required to block the formation of red pigment.

Further complexity arises from the possibility that mutations in either gene that lead to a block in enzymatic activity could be either dominant or recessive. If the crosses is made between a wild type insect with red eyes and a true breeding white eyed strain with mutations in both genes. Such considerations yield the Pathways in parallel with recessive mutations in both genes, determine the phenotype of the F1 progeny and the expected phenotypic ratio of red to white eyed insects in the F2.

#Question id: 10549

#I Life Science/ Life Sciences Group – I-V

Following are the list of some of the molecular “danger signals” (column I) and its characteristics (column II)                                                                                         

 Column I                                                                                   Column II

 a) MAMPs                               i) produce from the pathogen molecules support their ability to successfully colonize their host and gain nutritional benefits

b) DAMPs                               ii) A plant response to insect herbivores involve both a wound response and the recognition of certain compounds abundant in the insect’s saliva or regurgitant

c) Effectors                             iii) are conserved among a specific class of microorganisms such as chitin for fungi, flagella for bacteria

d) Elicitor                                iv) molecules secrete from the damaging plant by herbivory such as Prosystemin

Which of the following is the correct match between the signals and their respective mechanism?

#Question id: 10549

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

Following are the list of some of the molecular “danger signals” (column I) and its characteristics (column II)                                                                                         

 Column I                                                                                   Column II

 a) MAMPs                               i) produce from the pathogen molecules support their ability to successfully colonize their host and gain nutritional benefits

b) DAMPs                               ii) A plant response to insect herbivores involve both a wound response and the recognition of certain compounds abundant in the insect’s saliva or regurgitant

c) Effectors                             iii) are conserved among a specific class of microorganisms such as chitin for fungi, flagella for bacteria

d) Elicitor                                iv) molecules secrete from the damaging plant by herbivory such as Prosystemin

Which of the following is the correct match between the signals and their respective mechanism?

#Question id: 10550

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

Plants, in turn, evolved a second line of defense that recognize these intracellular effectors and trigger defense responses to render them harmless. As a result, plants possess a second type of immunity called,

#Question id: 10551

#I Life Science/ Life Sciences Group – I-V

plants possess a second type of immunity mediated by a set of highly specific intracellular receptors known as nucleotide binding site–leucine rich repeat (NBS–LRR) receptors. How NBS–LRRs become activated,

#Question id: 10551

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

plants possess a second type of immunity mediated by a set of highly specific intracellular receptors known as nucleotide binding site–leucine rich repeat (NBS–LRR) receptors. How NBS–LRRs become activated,

#Question id: 10552

#SCPH05 I Biotechnology

Inactive NBS–LRR receptor activated by binding with the effector molecules with decoys or guardees directly triggering the defense response by stimulating______A_______ into the cell and ______B_________ out of the cell.