Hemidesmosomes are integrin-containing anchoring junctions that attach cells to elements of the underlying extracellular matrix.

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#Id: 9280

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The interaction between NFR and SYMRK initiates calcium spiking in the nucleus, presumably via a second messenger molecule.

Core symbiotic genes are activated.

Cytokinin signaling is initiated.

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#Id: 9281

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Root hair cellular responses to bacterial Nod factor

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#Id: 9282

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Plant genes expressed early, or in the absence of bacterial infection, are termed “early nodulins” or ENOD

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#Id: 9283

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Three factors are important in maintaining low O2 concentrations in nodules. 

First, entry of O2 into the nodule is controlled by a variable‐permeability barrier in the nodule parenchyma

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#Id: 9284

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

O2‐binding plant protein Lb plays an active role in regulating and delivering O2 in the infected cells

Bacterial respiration is the major O2 sink

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

O2‐sensitive hemoprotein kinase FixL controls a regulatory cascade that activates transcription of nitrogen fixation genes