Presentation of nonpeptide antigens derived from pathogens involves the nonclassical class I–like CD1 molecule

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5326

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5327

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Isovolumetric Ventricular Relaxation

begins after the ventricles are fully repolarized, marked by the end of the T wave on the ECG.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5328

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Rapid Ventricular Filling

ventricular pressure falls to its lowest level (below atrial pressure), the AV valve opens.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5329

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Rapid Ventricular Filling

Ventricular pressure remains low, because the ventricle is still relaxed and compliant.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5330

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Rapid Ventricular Filling

The rapid flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles produces the third heart sound (S3).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5331

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Third heart sound (S3) 

normal in children but is not heard in normal adults

indicates volume overload, as in congestive heart failure or advanced mitral or tricuspid regurgitation.