Malignant tumors are classified by their embryonic

tissue of origin:

Carcinomas -derive from epithelia such as endoderm

(gut epithelium) or ectoderm (skin and neural epithelia) 

Sarcomas - derive from mesoderm (muscle, blood, and

connective tissue precursors)

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by thrombin.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Stabilization of fibrin is catalyzed by activated factor XIII and Ca2

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The extrinsic pathway is inhibited by a tissue factor pathway inhibitor that forms a quaternary structure with tissue thromboplastin (TPL), factor VIIa, and factor Xa.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Hemophilia A, is caused by factor VIII deficiency.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

von Willebrand factor deficiency likewise causes a bleeding disorder (von Willebrand disease) by reducing platelet adhesion and by lowering plasma factor VIII

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Hemophilia B (Christmas disease), is caused by factor IX deficiency.