Factors governing filtration across the glomerular capillaries:

1. Size of the capillary bed

2. Permeability of the capillaries

3. Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients across the capillary wall

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10554

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

FADD can also be directly activated by binding to TRADD in RIPK1-independent apoptosis activation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10555

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Caspase-8 cleaves and activates several effector caspases, caspase-3, 6, 7 to complete apoptotic cell death.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10556

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Intrinsic apoptosis pathway

Caspase-8 cleaves the BH3-interacting-domain death agonist (Bid), resulting tBid fragment

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10557

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10558

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

tBid fragment binds to Bcl-2 on the outer mitochondrial membrane, leading to the dissociation of Bak and Bax and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10559

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In cells lacking functional caspase-8 or FADD, TNFα

triggers an alternative pathway, necroptosis.