Family of Cytokines

• Interleukins

• Interferons

• Growth hormone

• Prolactin

• Granulocyte colony–stimulating factor

• Thrombopoietin

• Erythropoietin (Epo)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7842

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Two sugars that differ in configuration at only one chiral center are described as epimers.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7843

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

d-mannose and d-talose are epimers and d-glucose and d-mannose are epimers, whereas d-glucose and d-talose are not epimers but merely diastereomers

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7844

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Linear form of glucose (and other aldohexoses) could undergo a intramolecular reaction to form a cyclic hemiacetal.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7845

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Isomers of monosaccharides that differ only in their configuration about that asymmetric carbon atom are called anomers, designated as a or b,

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7846

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

When the anomeric hydroxyl of a D-hexose is on the same side of the ring as C-6, the structure is β a by definition; when it is on the opposite side from C-6, the structure is α.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7847

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The two diastereomers of glucose in its "pyranose" form are called the alpha (a) and beta (B) isomers, which differ in the orientation of the OH at C-1