Complement components such as membrane attack complex (C5b-C9) Function as lysis of bacterial and cell membrane C3b and C4b causing opsonisation C3a, C4a and C5a (Anaphylotoxin) and their receptor causing induction of inflammation and chemotaxis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 637

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Guanine is deaminated to xanthine.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 638

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Nitrous acid induces transitions in both directions, A:T ↔ G:C.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 639

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The +vely charged acridine dyes or acridine orange are potent mutagens that induce frameshift mutations by Intercalation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 640

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The +vely charged acridine dyes also causes Slippage and Slippage causes COPY NUMBER MUTATION.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 641

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

COPY NUMBER MUTATION are analyzed by simple PCR technique.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 642

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Alkylating agents are chemicals that donate alkyl groups to other molecules as nitrogen mustard, and methyl and ethyl methane sulfonate (MMS and EMS).