Presentation of nonpeptide (lipid and lipid-linked) antigens derived from pathogens involves the nonclassical class I–like CD1 molecule.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Binding of cytochrome c to the Apaf1 triggers formation of an apoptosome containing seven molecules each of Apaf and cytochrome c and having a sevenfold symmetry. 

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Apoptosome 

a disk-shaped 1.4-MDa heptameric wheel of death

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Apoptosis of mammalian cells is activated by either: Intrinsic signaling pathways

Extrinsic signaling pathways

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Intrinsic apoptosis pathway is mediated by an activated initiator caspase (caspase-9)

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Extrinsic apoptosis pathway, is initiated by ligands of death receptor family TNFα and FasL (trimeric ligand)

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Extrinsic (death receptor–regulated) apoptosis pathway

binding of TNFα to TNFR1, a DD-containing death

receptor, recruits another two DD-containing

signaling molecules, TRADD and RIPK1