One individual, however, expresses only a small number of these molecules—up to six different class I molecules and 12 or more different class II molecules.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Linkers have the following two applications: creation of cohesive 'ends

on blunt~ended DNA fragments, and 

on fragments having unmatched or undefined sequences in their protruding ends. 

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Examples of adapters. 

An adapter used to create BamHI sticky ends at the blunt ends of a DNA insert. 

A conversion adapter produced by associating two oligonucleotides, each having a different recognition sequence at its 5'~end but a complementary sequence for base pairing at the 3 '-end. 

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Adapters are short, chemically synthesized DNA double strands, which already have one or both sticky ends. 

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

 A gel mobility shift assay detects interaction between a protein and DNA by the reduction of the electrophoretic mobility of a small DNA that occurs on binding to a protein.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

A gel mobility shift assay, is a method for detecting DNA–protein interaction relies on the fact that a small DNA has a much higher mobility in gel electrophoresis than the same DNA does when it is bound to a protein. 

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Lane 3 depicts the behavior of the same DNA bound to two proteins. The mobility is reduced still further because of the greater mass of protein clinging to the DNA. This is 

called a supershift.