Promoters that do not contain a TATA element are called TATA-less promoters. Surveys of promoter sequences suggest that 50% or more of promoters may be TATA-less.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9908

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inflammatory response

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#Id: 9909

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inflammasomes

Multiprotein complex that promotes inflammation by processing inactive precursor forms of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-18.

Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6. 

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#Id: 9910

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inflammatory response

Inflammation may be acute (short-term effects)—for example, in response to local tissue damage.

it may be chronic (long term), contributing to conditions such as arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and Type 2 diabetes.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Arachidonic acid and some eicosanoid derivatives

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)

Enzyme responsible for the formation from arachidonic acid of prostaglandins and other pro-inflammatory mediators.

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#Id: 10286

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

T cells initiate the adaptive immune response by interacting MHC on antigen-presenting cells that have been exposed to pathogens.