Nurturing Life Sciences
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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes
Alkylating agents are chemicals that donate alkyl groups to other molecules as nitrogen mustard, and methyl and ethyl methane sulfonate (MMS and EMS).
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EMS causes ethylation of the bases in DNA at the 7-N and the 6-O positions of G cause G:C → A:T transitions.
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Alkylating agents induce all types of mutations, including transitions, transversions, frameshifts, and even chromosome aberrations.
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hydroxylating agent hydroxylamine (NH2OH) induces only G:C → A:T transitions not reversal.
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When DNA is treated with hydroxylamine, the amino group of cytosine is hydroxylated.
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X rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays is ionizing radiation and ultraviolet light is nonionizing radiation.