Phosphorylation on Ser2 by P-TEFb activates elongation, splicing and polyadenylation

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Emergence of evolutionary thoughts

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Glycine decarboxylase GDC multienzyme complex, present in large concentrations in the matrix of plant mitochondria, comprises four proteins, named 

H-protein (a lipoamide-containing polypeptide), 

P-protein (a 200 kDa, homodimer, pyridoxal phosphate-containing protein),

T-protein (a folate-dependent protein), and 

L-protein (a flavin adenine nucleotide–containing protein

Glycine decarboxylase GDC multienzyme complex, present in large concentrations in the matrix of plant mitochondria, comprises four proteins, named 

H-protein (a lipoamide-containing polypeptide), 

P-protein (a 200 kDa, homodimer, pyridoxal phosphate-containing protein),

T-protein (a folate-dependent protein), and 

L-protein (a flavin adenine nucleotide–containing protein

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs, Artemis, XRCC4, Cernunnos-XLF, and DNA ligase IV. Ku70 and Ku80 are the most fundamental components of NHEJ. 

They constitute a heterodimer that binds to the DNA ends and recruits DNA-PKcs, which is a protein kinase. DNA-PKcs, in turn, forms a complex with Artemis. Artemis is both a 5’-to-3’ exonuclease and a latent endonuclease that is activated by phosphorylation by DNA-PKcs. 

These nucleolytic activities process the broken ends and prepare them for ligation. Ligase IV performs ligation in a complex with XRCC4 and Cernunnos-XLF.