Thus, although the aNTD is embedded in the body of the enzyme, the aCTD can reach the upstream element and can do so even when that element is not located immediately adjacent to the –35 region, but further upstream.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3530

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

When pairs of human 23 and mouse 20 homologs are compared, the genes located on either side also tend to be homologs. This relationship is called synteny

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3531

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Synteny provides a framework in which conservation of homologous genes and gene order is identified between genomes of different species

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3532

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3533

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

A functional gene can be located through the use of an expressed sequence tag (EST)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3534

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Animal cells have small mitochondrial genomes 16.6 kb in mammals. There are several hundred mitochondria per cell and each mitochondrion has multiple copies of the DNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3535

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Mitochondrial genomes have genes encoding (mostly complex I–IV) proteins, rRNAs, and tRNAs