The cleavage activity is intrinsic to RNA polymerase itself, it is stimulated greatly by accessory factors that are ubiquitous in the three biological kingdoms. There are two such factors in E. coli, GreA and GreB, and eukaryotic RNA polymerase II uses TFIIS for the same purpose. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9095

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9096

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

IP3 triggers the opening of IP3-gated Ca²+ channels in the ER and elevation of cytosolic free Ca²+.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9097

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In response to elevated cytosolic Ca²+ 

PKC is recruited to the plasma membrane, where it is activated by DAG

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9098

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Glycogen breakdown and synthesis is coordinately regulated by the second messengers Ca2+ and cAMP, whose levels are regulated by neural and hormonal stimulation, respectively

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9099

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9100

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In response to activation of acetylcholine GPCRs, PLC, and the elevation in cytosolic Ca²+, Nitric oxide is synthesized in endothelial cells.