The band-sharpening effect relies on the fact that negatively charged glycinate ions (in the electrophoresis buffer) have a lower electrophoretic mobility than do the protein–SDS complexes, which, in turn, have lower mobility than the chloride ions (Cl − ) of the loading buffer and the stacking gel buffer. 

[Cl−] > [protein–SDS] > [glycinate].

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3027

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Each Okazaki fragment starts with a primer sequence of RNA - 10 bases long that provides the 3'-0H end for extension by DNA polymerase.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3028

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Primers start with the sequence pppAG positioned opposite the sequence 3 '-GTC-5' in the template.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3029

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The oriCsystem, named for the bacterial origin, basically involves the association of the DnaG primase with the protein complex at the replication fork.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3030

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The use of a single type of catalytic subunit, however, may be atypical. In the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, there are two different catalytic subunits.

PolC is the homolog to E. coli's DnaE, and is responsible for synthesizing the leading strand.

A related protein, DnaE8 s. is the catalytic subunit that synthesizes the lagging strand.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3031

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The DNA Pol III holoenzyme has at least two catalytic cores. a processivity clamp, and a dimerization damp-loader complex.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3032

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

DNA polymerase III holoenzyme assembles in stages, generating an enzyme complex that synthesizes the DNA of both new strands.\

Binding to DNA changes the conformation of the site on B that binds to the clamp loader, and as a result it now has a high affinity for the core polymerase.

First the clamp loader uses hydrolysis ofATPtobindbeta subunits to a template primercomplex.

Binding to DNA changes the conformation of the site on B that binds to the clamp loader, and as a result it now has a high affinity for the core polymerase.

tau. dimer binds to the core polymerase, and provides a dimerization function thatbinds a second core polymerase (associated with another B2