The logic for hotstart PCR is as follows, most DNA samples used as template will have some single-stranded DNA. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8832

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8833

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In plants, various nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) processes act as safety valves for photosynthesis that dissipate excess absorbed light energy harmlessly as heat

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8834

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Buildup of a acidic thylakoid ΔpH in the presence of excess light resulting the thylakoid lumen activates an enzyme (violaxanthin de‐epoxidase) that converts violaxanthin into zeaxanthin

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8835

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Protonation of a membrane protein (PSBS) that promotes a dissipative state of LHC proteins in the PSII antenna is also a major form of NPQ

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8836

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8837

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The ascorbate-glutathione pathway (Halliwell-Asada cycle) is an indispensible component of the ROS homeostasis mechanism of plants.