RAPDs (Random amplified polymorphic DNAs) are obtained by using a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) equipment or a thermal cycler. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3811

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium myxamoebae is a result of spiral waves of cAMP.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3720

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Clement’s organismic model - Competition causes sharp boundaries between groups of species; certain species group together.

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#Id: 1731

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

FcεRI signalling through Lyn and Syk kinases also activates E3 ubiquitin ligases, including c-Cbl. Cbl ubiquitinylates Lyn and Syk, as well as FcεRI itself, triggering their degradation.

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#Id: 8903

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Chromosome compaction involving progressive chromosome looping:

During prophase, condensin II binds DNA and extrudes large loops

In prometaphase, condensin I forms additional loops nested within the loops formed by condensin II

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#Id: 3724

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

One major problem is that this approach does not take species frequency of occurrence or relative abundance into account.