DnaA-ATP binds cooperatively to form a helical central core around which oriC DNA is wrapped.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3317

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Electrons enter the alternative respiratory pathway through the rotenone-insensitive NADH dehydrogenase, the external NADH dehydrogenase, or succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II), and pass to O2 via the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase, energy is not conserved as ATP but is released as heat.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3318

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Electrochemical energy inherent in this difference in proton concentration and separation of charge represents a temporary conservation of much of the energy of electron transfer.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3319

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The energy stored in such a gradient, termed the proton-motive force.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3320

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Chemical potential energy due to the difference in concentration of a chemical species (H + ) in the two regions (matrix and IMS) separated by the membrane.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3321

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Electrical potential energy that results from the separation of charge when a proton moves across the membrane without a counterion.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3322

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

V-class proton pumps cannot acidify the lumen of an organelle because these pumps are electrogenic.