Crude differential centrifugation techniques can be conveniently employed to isolate
intact mitochondria and microsomes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10444

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Somatic mutations can be grouped into three types: Single nucleotide variants (SNVs, or point mutations) Insertions or deletions (Indels)

Structural variants (SVs)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10445

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A typical tumor contain 5000 SNVs, 500 Indels, and 

50 SVs

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10446

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Rous sarcoma virus is a retrovirus whose RNA genome is reverse transcribed into DNA, which is incorporated into the host-cell genome

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10447

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Oncogenic transforming viruses RSV contain an

oncogene — v-src gene

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10448

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Avian leukosis virus (ALV), 

Retroviral DNA is inserted near the MYC gene. overproduction of MYC causes abnormally rapid proliferation of cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10449

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Human papillomavirus encodes two oncogenic proteins: E6 -inhibits p53

E7- inhibits RB