Initiation at oriC requires the sequential assembly of a large protein complex on the membrane.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7480

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

IgA is the principal class in secretions, the most important being those from the epithelia lining the intestinal and respiratory tracts.

Dimeric IgA operates mainly on epithelial surfaces.

This monomeric IgA is predominantly of the subclass IgA1; the ratio of IgA1 to IgA2 in the blood is 10:1.

IgA antibodies produced by plasma cells in the gut are dimeric and predominantly of subclass IgA2; the ratio of IgA2 to IgA1 in the gut is 3:2.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8755

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Thermodynamic measurements indicate that native proteins are only marginally stable under physiological conditions. The free energy required to denature them is ∼0.4 kJ ∙ mol−1 per amino acid residue.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7563

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Cytokinin binds to the CRE1 receptors to initiate a response that culminates in the elevation of transcription of the type- BARRs/ type- A ARRs. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4691

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Some cells carry a cheater mutation that makes spores but that avoids contributing to the stalk.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9566

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Hamilton’s rule:  It states that an allele that causes an altruistic behavior will spread if the following condition is met (rb>C)