A mitochondrion divides by developing a ring around the organelle that constricts to pinch it into two halves. The mechanism is similar in principle to that involved in bacterial division.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9934

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cell wall endotoxins of some gram-negative bacteria activate macrophages, resulting in release of high levels of IL-1 and TNF-α, which can cause septic shock.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5736

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Proposed attributes of successfully invading species

a. Shedding of natural enemies during colonization 

b. Absence of natural enemies in recipient community 

c. Better competitor than native species 

d. Presence of mutualists in recipient community 

e. High dispersal ability 

f. Association with humans 

g. High reproductive rate (r-selected species) 

h. High growth rate (r-selected species) 

i. Ability to thrive in disturbed areas 

j. Asexual reproduction (plants) 

k. Unique ways of life; occupy vacant niches 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1526

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Microtubules can be stabilized by side-binding microtubule associated proteins (MAPs).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3596

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Nirenberg and Matthaei therefore concluded that the triplet codon UUU encodes phenylalanine, poly(C) proline (polyproline), polyadenylate, poly(A), encodes polylysine.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2611

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

RACE can be used to amplify unknown 5' (5'-RACE) or 3' (3'-RACE) parts of RNA molecules where part of the RNA sequence is known and targeted by a GSP gene-specific primer.