n BER,  An AP endonuclease cleaves the phosphodiester backbone near the AP site

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8280

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Coulomb’s law describes the potential energy (V) between two separated charges (in a perfect vacuum) according to the relationship.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2993

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The first DNA-synthesizing enzyme to be characterized was DNA polymerase I, which is a single polypeptide of 103 kD, The chain can be cleaved into two parts by proteolytic treatment.

The larger cleavage product (68 kD) is called the Klenow fragment. It is used in synthetic reactions in vitro, It contains the polymerase and the proofreading 3'-5'  exonuclease activities.

The small fragment (35 kD) possesses a 5 '-3' exonucleolytic activity, which excises small groups of nucleotides, up to - 10 bases at a time. This activity is coordinated with the synthetic/ proofreading activity. It provides DNA polymerase I with a unique ability to start replication in vitro at a nick in DNA.

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#Id: 10444

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Somatic mutations can be grouped into three types: Single nucleotide variants (SNVs, or point mutations) Insertions or deletions (Indels)

Structural variants (SVs)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7134

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Brassinosteroids are synthesized from the plant sterol campesterol, which is similar in structure to cholesterol. Members of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) enzyme family that are associated with the ER catalyze most of the reactions in the brassinosteroid biosynthesis pathway.

Mevalonic acid serves as a precursor of the triterpenoid pathway and is condensed and transformed to 2,3-oxidosqualene which further undergoes modification to form major plant sterols like sitosterols and campesterols.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7956

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

A branched oligosaccharide containing 

3 glucose (Glc)

9 mannose (Man)

2 N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)

Glc3Man9(GlcNAc)2