V-class proton pumps cannot acidify the lumen of an organelle because these pumps are electrogenic.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9997

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Frizzled-G protein signaling activates PLC-beta, which cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3.

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#Id: 9998

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Wnt/calcium pathway leads to the release of calcium stored within cells, and calcium acts as an important secondary messenger to modulate the function of many downstream targets.

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#Id: 9999

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Increased Ca2+ levels activates Ca2+-dependent signaling molecules such as:

Protein kinase C, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CamKII), Calcineurin phosphatase

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#Id: 10000

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Calcineurin phosphatase, dephosphorylates and activates the transcription factor, Nuclear Factor Associated with T cells (NFAT).

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#Id: 10001

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Vertebrates have three homologues of the Drosophila hedgehog gene: sonic hedgehog (shh), desert hedgehog

(dhh), and indian hedgehog (ihh)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10002

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Desert hedgehog protein is found in the Sertoli cells of the testes