The proton-motive force— drives the synthesis of ATP as protons flow passively back into the matrix through a proton pore in ATP synthase.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7301

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Typically, a CAM plant loses 50 to 100 g of water for every gram of CO2 gained, compared with values of 250 to 300 g and 400 to 500 g for C4 and C3 plants Thus, CAM plants have a competitive advantage in dry environments.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2917

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Input of energy in the form of ATP is required at several stages for the prepriming reaction, and it is required for unwinding DNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2370

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

In planaria, Wnts functioning through β-catenin promotes tail development while repressing head regeneration

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6304

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Breaking and remaking bonds in the process of the nucleotide addition cycle and undergoing translocation by a Brownian ratchet mechanism.Indeed, rrn  transcription is insensitive to iNTP and ppGpp in mutants lacking DskA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10106

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Focal adhesions 

Adhesion type- Cell-matrix

Adhesion receptors- Integrins

Cytoskeletal attachment- Actin filaments