ATP synthesis kinetics is measured by using Kinetic Isotope Effect (KIE) using radioisotope of oxygen ( O¹⁸ ).

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Steps of nick translation- 

Low concentrations of DNase I are used to make occasional single-strand nicks in the double-stranded DNA that is intended as the gene probe.

DNA polymerase then fills in the nicks, using an appropriate dNTP, at the same time making a new nick to the 3′ side of the previous one.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Bacterial replicons are usually circles that replicate bidirectionally from a single origin.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Mechanism: How Polymerase Find Promoter Sequences

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The most potent stimulator of insulin Arginine and Lysine