When pairs of human 23 and mouse 20 homologs are compared, the genes located on either side also tend to be homologs. This relationship is called synteny

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9015

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

CA1P and the other bound sugar phosphates are specifically removed by the ATP‐dependent enzyme, Rubisco activase, which prepares Rubisco for the catalytic cycle.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9016

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

When dark‐treated chloroplasts are exposed to light;

The flow of protons from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen is coupled to the release of Mg2+ from the intrathylakoid space to the stroma.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9017

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

When dark‐treated chloroplasts are exposed to light

These light actuated ion fluxes decrease the stromal concentration of protons (the pH increases from 7 to 8) and increase that of Mg2+ by 2 to 5 mM. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9018

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

When dark‐treated chloroplasts are exposed to light

activate enzymes of the Calvin–Benson cycle that require Mg2+ for catalysis and are more active at pH 8 than at pH 7 for STROMA

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9019

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Five pivotal enzymes are regulated by Ferredoxin–thioredoxin Fd-Thrx system

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9020

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Thioredoxins occur in multiple forms and have conserved structures to interact with target enzymes