Mitochondrial genomes have genes encoding (mostly complex I–IV) proteins, rRNAs, and tRNAs

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9888

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Don’t eat me

Don’t eat me” signal, the protein CD47. CD47, recognized by the SIRP-α receptor on macrophages.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9889

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Apoptotic cells attract phagocytes by releasing the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid, which functions as a chemoattractant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9890

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Conserved motifs, usually present in many copies on the surface of a bacterium, fungal cell, parasite, or virus particle, are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9891

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Receptors of the innate immune system that recognize molecular patterns or motifs present on pathogens but absent in the host.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9892

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Pattern recognition

Families of PRRs (TLRs, CLRs, RLRs, and NLRs) recognize a wide variety of PAMP (and DAMP) ligands.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9893

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Toll-Like Receptors Recognize Many Types of Pathogen Molecules - Vertebrate Toll-like receptors  are dimers of chains with extracellular leucine-rich (LRR) domains that bind PAMPs and DAMPs.